Nursing faculty experiences with student incivility in South Korea: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Student academic incivility is a serious problem in nursing education because it negatively influences the learning process, wellbeing of faculty members, and faculty-student relationships. The aim of this study was to explore nursing faculty experiences related to student incivility in nursing education. METHODS: We used an exploratory qualitative methodology and conducted in-depth interviews with 14 nursing faculty members working at 11 nursing universities in South Korea. A qualitative content analysis was carried out. RESULTS: The six themes that emerged from the faculty experiences were nursing student indifference to teachers' expectations; ignoring behavioral standards in school life; differing responses to uncivil student behavior; self-reflection as a nursing educator; negative impact on faculty in a nursing education context; and awareness of civility in a nursing education context. CONCLUSION: Dealing with student academic incivility in nursing education is one of the most challenging tasks for faculty members, and it should be managed to provide a comfortable learning environment. The present study delineated the uncivil behavior experienced by the faculty and their negative effects in the educational context and suggested alternatives to manage student incivility and foster a positive educational environment through the eyes of the faculty. The findings of this study suggest an evidence-based direction for fostering a culture of civility in nursing schools.

Incivility experiences of nursing students in South Korea.

BACKGROUND: Incivility behaviors are negative social behaviors that can create conflict and disrespect among the persons involved. In a learning environment, incivility negatively affects learning by reducing academic motivation, lowering satisfaction with the education program, and interrupting the learning process. In addition, incivility causes those involved to feel negative emotions, such as anger, depression, and anxiety. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the incivility experiences of nursing students during their nursing education? In what context do nursing students experience incivility during their education? RESEARCH DESIGN: This study used an exploratory qualitative methodology. Participants and research context: Participants (n = 34) were nursing students at three universities in South Korea. Data were collected during focus group interviews of 34 participants between 20 March and 26 June 2015 and were examined using a qualitative content analysis. Ethical consideration: The institutional review board approved this study. FINDINGS: The analysis revealed four learning contexts in which participants experienced incivility: (a) in the classroom, (b) outside the classroom, (c) clinical settings, and (d) related to technology use. Five themes were identified: student non-adherence to classroom standards, faculty non-adherence to classroom standards, lack of helping-trusting relationships with peers, lack of dedication to teaching and learning in a clinical setting, and inappropriate use of technology. CONCLUSION: Nursing students experience incivility in a variety of situations and settings and expect a safer, more positive learning environment. The incivility experienced by nursing students during their education affects their goal of becoming professional nurses.

Zinc-resistance gene CzrC identified in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus hyicus isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus hyicus (MRSH) was investigated for czrC, a gene conferring zinc-resistance. The czrC gene was identified in 50% (14/28) of MRSH isolates, representing 14 pigs with exudative epidermitis from 8 farms. Newly weaned pigs, which are particularly susceptible to exudative epidermitis, are commonly fed high levels of zinc oxide.

GèneczrCcodant pour la résistance au zinc identifié dansStaphylococcus hyicusrésistant à la méthicilline isolé de porcs atteints de la dermite exsudative du porcelet.Staphylococcus hyicus résistant à la méthicilline (SHRM) a fait l'objet d'une enquête pour détecter czrC, un gène qui confère une résistance au zinc. Le gène czrC a été identifié dans 50 % (14/28) des isolats SHRM, représentant 14 porcs atteints de dermite exsudative du porcelet provenant de 8 fermes. Les porcelets nouvellement sevrés particulièrement sensibles à la dermite exsudative reçoivent couramment des niveaux élevés d'oxyde de zinc.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

An investigation of resistance to ß-lactam antimicrobials among staphylococci isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis.

BACKGROUND: A high proportion of staphylococci isolated from pigs affected with exudative epidermitis were found to be resistant to ß-lactam antimicrobials. The primary objective of this research was to investigate and characterize ß-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci isolated from these pigs. RESULTS: The antimicrobial resistance patterns of 240 staphylococci isolates were determined by disk diffusion, of which 176 (73.3%) of the isolates were resistant to 3 ß-lactams (penicillin G, ampicillin, and ceftiofur). The presence of mecA gene was identified in 63 staphylococci isolates from skin samples by PCR. The mecA gene was identified in 19 S. aureus, 31 S. hyicus, 9 Staphylococcus chromogenes, 2 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, and in 1 isolate each of Staphylococcus arlettae, and Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies urealyticus. From SCCmec typing results, the majority (45/63, 71.4%) were shown to be SCCmec type V. One isolate was SCCmec III. Fourteen isolates were detected as mec class A, mec class C or ccr type 5. The ccr complex and mec complex was not detected in 3 isolates of methicillin resistant S. hyicus (MRSH) based on multiplex PCR. Of the 30 isolates of MRSA identified from nasal samples of the pigs, 29 isolates were SCCmec type V and 1 isolate was SCCmec type II. Staphyloccoci isolates that were mecA negative but resistant to ß-lactam antimicrobials were further examined by screening for mecC, however all were negative. Furthermore, the majority of mecA negative ß-lactam resistant staphylococci isolates were susceptible to oxacillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a double disk diffusion test. CONCLUSIONS: Methicillin resistance can be identified in a variety of staphylococcal species isolated from pigs. In this study there was a great deal of similarity in the SCCmec types between staphylococcal species, suggesting that resistance may be passed from one species of staphylococci to another species of staphylococci. While this has been reported for acquisition of methicillin-resistance from coagulase negative staphylococci to S. aureus, these data suggest that transmission to or from the porcine pathogen S. hyicus may also occur. The identification of methicillin resistance in a variety of staphylococcal species in pigs does raise concerns about the spread of serious multi-drug resistance in food producing animals and warrants further study.

An investigation of ear necrosis in pigs.

Porcine ear necrosis was investigated in 23 conveniently chosen farms, consisting of 14 case farms and 9 control farms. Biopsies of lesions and oral swabs from pigs on 11 case farms were examined by histology and bacterial culture. All farms were visited for observations and a survey on management, housing, and the presence of other clinical signs or behavioral vices. Histological examination revealed that the lesions began on the surface and progressed to deeper layers, and that vascular damage did not appear to be the initiating cause. Spirochetes were only rarely observed in histological examination and were not cultured from biopsies and oral swabs. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hyicus were cultured from 91% and 66% of samples, respectively. Ear biting and a humid environment were associated with ear necrosis. On some farms large numbers of pigs were affected and lesions were sometimes extensive. The condition appears to be an infectious disease beginning on the surface of the skin; contributing environmental and management factors are likely.

Enquête sur la nécrose des oreilles chez les porcs. La nécrose des oreilles porcines a fait l'objet d'une enquête dans un échantillonnage de convenance de 23 fermes, composé de 14 fermes de cas et de 9 fermes témoins. Les biopsies de lésions et des prélèvements oraux faits chez des porcs dans 11 fermes de cas ont été examinés par histologie et culture bactérienne. Toutes les fermes ont été visitées pour recueillir des observations et effectuer un examen de la gestion, du logement et de la présence d'autres signes cliniques ou vices de comportement. L'examen histologique a révélé que les lésions commençaient sur la surface et progressaient vers des couches plus profondes et que les dommages vasculaires ne semblaient pas être la cause initiale. Des spirochètes ont été rarement observés à l'examen histologique et n'ont pas été cultivés dans les biopsies et les prélèvements oraux. Staphylococcus aureus et Staphylococcus hyicus ont été cultivés dans 91 % et 66 % des échantillons, respectivement. Les morsures d'oreilles et un environnement humide étaient associés à la nécrose des oreilles. Dans certaines fermes, un grand nombre de porcs étaient affectés et les lésions étaient parfois importantes. L'affection semble être une maladie infectieuse qui commence à la surface de la peau; des facteurs contributifs liés à l'environnement et à la gestion sont probables.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

An investigation of exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease) and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases.

Exudative epidermitis (EE) is a common skin disease of young pigs, caused mainly by Staphylococcus hyicus. Increased prevalence of EE and poor response to treatment are reported. Common strategies used by Ontario pork producers to treat pigs with EE were determined using a survey. Injection of penicillin G was reported as the most common parenteral antibiotic choice. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases (30 herds with samples from approximately 6 pigs per farm) showed that 97% of S. hyicus isolates were resistant to penicillin G and ampicillin; 71% of these isolates were resistant to ceftiofur. Similar resistance was noted among S. aureus isolates. Antimicrobial resistance has become a problem in the treatment of EE in Ontario.

Enquête sur l'épidermite exsudative (eczéma séborrhéique du porc) et les tendances d'antibiorésistance deStaphylococcus hyicuset deStaphylococcus aureusisolés des cas cliniques. L'épidermite exsudative (EE) est une maladie cutanée courante des porcelets qui est causée principalement par Staphylococcus hyicus. Une prévalence accrue d'EE et une réponse mitigée au traitement sont signalées. Les stratégies couramment utilisées par les producteurs de porcs pour traiter les porcs atteints d'EE ont été déterminées à l'aide d'un sondage. L'injection de pénicilline G a été signalée comme le choix d'antiobiotique parentéral le plus courant. Les tendances d'antibiorésistance de S. hyicus et de Staphylococcus aureus isolés de cas cliniques (30 troupeaux avec des échantillons provenant d'environ 6 porcs par ferme) ont montré que 97 % des isolats de S. hyicus étaient résistants à la pénicilline G et à l'ampicilline; 71 % de ces isolats étaient résistants au ceftiofur. Une résistance semblable a été signalée pour les isolats de S. aureus. L'antibiorésistance est devenue un problème dans le traitement d'EE en Ontario.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Analysis of acamprosate in beagle dog plasma by LC-MS-MS.

A rapid, sensitive, and specific analytical method was developed and validated to quantify acamprosate calcium in beagle dog plasma. The method employs a single plasma protein precipitation, and the analytes are separated by chromatography on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method has a chromatographic run time of 1.25 min and a linear calibration curve over the range 200-10000 ng/mL (r(2)>0.9994). The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were within 10.0% for the analyte. Acamprosate was stable during all sample storage, preparation, and analytical periods. This method was employed in a pharmacokinetic study of an acamprosate 333 mg enteric-coated tablet in 8 male beagle dogs that received single 666 mg doses (333 mg x 2 tablets). The proposed method enables identification and quantification in pharmacokinetic studies of acamprosate in beagle dog plasma.